courtesy: Times of India
50 INVENTIONS THAT CHANGED THE WORLD
Since time immemorial, thousands of inventions by man have gone on to transform the world. The Trends team put together a list of 50 (in alphabetical order) that may have played a bigger part than most:
1. Abacus | 190 AD
Use of the abacus, with its beads in a rack, was first documented in China in about 190 AD. The Chinese version was the speediest way to do sums for centuries and, in the right hands, can still outpace electronic calculators.
2. Aspirin | 1899
Little tablets of acetylsalicylic acid have probably cured more minor ills than any other medicine. Hippocrates was the first to realise the healing power of the substance. At the turn-of-the-century, German chemist Felix Hoffman perfected the remedy.
3. Barbed wire | 1873
The world's most divisive invention was conceived not to keep people in or out, but cows.
4. Barcode | 1973
Barcodes were conceived as a kind of visual Morse code by a Philadelphia student in 1952. Now, black stripes have appeared on almost everything we buy.
5. Battery | 1800
In 1780s, Italian physicist Luigi Galvani discovered that a dead frog's leg would twitch when he touched it with two pieces of metal. His friend, professor Alessandro Volta made the first battery which were voltaic cells stacked in a Voltaic pile.
6. Bicycle | 1861
First devised as a gentleman’s plaything in the 1820s, the pushpowered hobby-horse quickly evolved to become the most classless form of transport.
7. Bra | 1913
New York socialite Mary Phelps Jacob is widely considered to be the inventor of the modern bra, which she devised as an alternative to unsightly corsets.
8. Button | 1235
Ancient Greeks fastened tunics using crude buttons and loops, but it took the buttonhole to popularise the little discs of perforated plastic that adorn our clothes today.
9. Camera | 1826
Though British polymath William Talbot was the inventor of one of the earliest cameras, Joseph Nicéphore Niépce produced the earliest surviving photograph on a pewter plate in 1826.
10. Compass | 1190
Sailors in China and Europe independently discovered lodestone— a magnetic mineral that aligned with the North Pole— in the 12th century. By 1190, Italian navigators were using lodestone to magnetise needles floating in bowls of water.
11. Condom | 1640
Egyptians donned them 3,000 years ago and the 16th-century Italian gynaecologist Gabriele Falloppio first advocated their use to prevent the spread of disease.
12. Fridge | 1834
Jacob Perkins was the first to describe how pipes filled with volatile chemicals whose molecules evaporated very easily could keep food cool.
13. Gun | 14th century
Gunpowder led to the creation of the cannon in the 13th century. The biggest step that led to the modern gun was Smith and Wesson’s metalcased cartridge, first fired in 1857.
14. Internal combustion engine | 1859
Credit for the first working internal combustion engine goes to the Belgian inventor Étienne Lenoir, who converted a steam engine in 1859. It spawned the billions of engines that have been built since.
15. Laser | 1960
Physicist Theodore Maiman built the first working laser in 1960. His device was based around a ruby crystal that emitted light "brighter than the centre of the sun".
16. Light bulb | 1848
Joseph Swan in fact developed a bulb before Edison, but the pair later joined forces and today share credit for creating the gadget we perhaps take for granted more than any other.
17. Locks | 2000 BC
Egyptians were the first to put things under lock and key about 4,000 years ago.
18. Microchip | 1958
US engineer Jack Kilby built the world's first monolithic integrated circuit, or microchip that changed the world of computing.
19. Mobile phone | 1947
The first mobile phone service was introduced by Bell Laboratories in Missouri in 1947.
20. Paper | 105 AD
The Chinese began using bark, bamboo fibres, hemp and flax to mill the first reams almost 2,000 years ago, but it took centuries for paper to envelop the world.
21. PC | 1977
Steve Jobs, whose Apple II, launched in 1977, was the first consumer PC to resemble the machines that went on to transform our lives.
22. Printing press | 1454
The Chinese were the world's first printers – they practised block printing as early as 500 AD – but a German goldsmith called Johannes Gutenberg was the first to construct a press.
23. Radio | 1895
Alexander Popov, a Russian, and the Italian-Irish inventor Guglielmo Marconi, separately sent and received the first radio waves. Marconi sent the first transatlantic radio message (three dots for the letter ‘S’) in 1901.
24. Telephone | 1876
Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell raced to make the first working phone in the 1870s, Bell winning in a photo-finish.
25. Television | 1925
Scotsman John Logie Baird first demonstrated TV to the public in 1925.
26. The internet | 1969
Conceived by the US Department of Defense in the 1960s, the internet, together with the World Wide Web, invented in 1989 by Brit techie, Tim Berners-Lee, has shrunk the world like no other invention.
27. The Match | 1826
The Stockholm-based chemist John Walker was the first to discover that when a stick coated in potassium chlorate and antimony sulphide was brushed across stone, it created a flame.
28. The Pill | 1951
The contraceptive pill was developed by a team headed by Carl Djerassi, a chemist, in 1951, but wasn't marketed in the UK until 1962.
29. Wheel | 3500 BC
The wheel surely deserves a place near the top of any "greatest inventions" list. The earliest evidence of a wheel – a pictograph from Sumeria (modern day Iraq) – dates back to 3500 BC; the device rolled West soon after that.
30. Zip | 1913
Credit for the device's invention goes to Gideon Sundback. In 1913, the Swedish engineer made the first modern zip to fasten high boots.
HONOURABLE MENTIONS 1. Bow and arrow | 30,000BC 2. CD | 1965 3. Cardiac pacemaker | 1958 4. Credit card | 1950 5. Drum | 12,000BC 6. Dynamite | 1867 7. Fish hook | 30,000BC 8. GPS | 1978 9. iPod | 2001 10. Kettle | 1891 11. Microscope | 1590 12. Plough | AD100 13. Rubber band | 1845 14. Sewing machine | 1830 15. Spectacles | 1451 16. Syringe | 1844 17. Telescope | 1608 18. Umbrella | 2400BC 19. Walkman | 1979 20. Weighing scales | 5000BC
Posts
No comments:
Post a Comment